Method of treating twisted filamentary materials



y 1947- H. B. KLlNE ETAL 2, 3

METHOD OF TREATING TWISTED FILAMENTARY MATERIALS Original Filed April26, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet l High Fregucncy Power High Frequency PcwerINVENTORS flog/den b. K/me A /oew flurf/m/oer ATTORN EY new y 1947. H.B. KLlNE El'AL 35 METHOD OF TREATING TWISTED FILAMENTARY MATERIALSOriginaIFiled April 26, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 //5 104/: M43 7 /o4c 1/5Hig' Freyuency Power ATTOI'RNEY May 27, 1947 H. B. KLINE ET'AL 2,421,335

METHOD OF TREATING TWIST-ED FILAMENTARY MATERIALS I Original Filed April26, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 z Frequency [Z0 Power INVENTORS BY 4. 4 {x aATTORNEY Patented May 27, 1947 MaTnon or TREATING TwisTEn FILAMENTARYMATERIALS Hayden B. Kline and Alden H. Burkholder, Cleveland. Ohio,assignors to Industrial Rayon Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, acorporation of Delaware Original application April 26, 1944, Serial No.532,740. Divided and this application May 22, 1945, Serial No. 595,094

14 Claims.

This invention relates to nonmetallic twisted filamentary materials, andit provides a new process by which the liveliness of such twistedmaterials may be readily reduced. The invention also provides a newapparatus by which this process may be advantageously performed.

This application is a division of our co-pending application Serial No.532,740, filed April 26, 1944. The apparatus of this invention iscovered in divisional application Serial No. 697,392, filed on September16, 1946.

The term twisted filamentary materials, as used throughout thisspecification, is intended to embrace twisted threads or thread-likematerials, whether made by twisting one or more monofilaments or bytwisting threads or yarns made up of a plurality of individual filamentsor staple fibers, or by twisting narrow bands or ribbons, etc. The termtwisting is intended to include such twisting operations as,for'example. plying,

cabling and the like.

In order to make the strength of filamentary materials, such as textilethreads or yarns more uniform, it is common practice to twist thetextile yarn in substantially air dry form a desired number of turns perunit length. The resulting twisted yarn not only has more uniformstrength characteristics than the untwisted product, but also has agreater degree of resilience depending upon the amount of twisting towhich it has been subjected.

For some purposes, textile yarns are given very substantial amounts oftwist; thus, for example, in producing yarn or thread to be used inmaking crepe fabrics, a relatively high degree of twist is used.Similarly, in making hosiery or other products where resiliency isdesired, a substantial amount of twist is imparted to the thread.Textile products which are used as reinforcing materials in theproduction, for example, of mechanical rubber goods such as tires,belts, and the like are also usually subjected to a plurality oftwisting operations in forming the cord or other textile product used asthe reinforcing material.

The resulting twisted textile products have a tendency to untwistthemselves to release the strains imparted by the twisting operation.This tendency is sometimes referred to as liveliness of the yarn orthread. This liveliness may be observed by bringing together the ends ofa short length of the twisted yarn. The loop of material between the twoends will twist upon itself to a greater or less extent depending uponthe degree of liveliness of the material. The liveliness of (or. 28-:72i

the twisted yarn also manifests itself by a tendency of the yarn to formloops or kinks. Such loops or kinks are particularly objectionable whenthe twisted yarn is being unwound from the supply package on which itwas collected in the course of the twisting operation. The liveliness ofthe yarn may also interfere with the smooth running of the yarn throughvarious guides and other parts of the textile machinery 'used in formingfinished cloth or cord products from th twisted yarn.

In order to reduce the liveliness of the twisted yarn or, as it issometimes referred to, to set the twist, it has been common practice totreat the twisted yarn with steam. The twisted yarn wound in packageform is placed in a steam box and subjected to the action of steam untilthe twist has been sufficiently set. Another method which has been usedinvolves subjecting the package of lively twisted yarn to a vacuum andthen introducing steam. Still another method which has been proposed isthe use of a circulating current of humidified heated air which passesaround packages of the twisted yarn. All of these methods are generallyconducted by a batch procedure and may require one or several hours toaccomplish the desired twist-setting. In addition, the yarn packagestreated by these methods generally contain no more than about one poundof yarn. Even with such small packages, however, nonuniform reduction ofliveliness of the twisted products occurs due to nonuniform penetrationof the wound packages by the steam or other gaseous treating medium orby liquid condensate formed during the treatment.

In accordance with the process of this invention, the liveliness ofsubstantially air-dry twisted nonmetallic filamentary materials isreduced by heating wound packages of such materials dielectrically in ahigh frequency electrical field. By this process, it is possible toreduce the liveliness of such materials in a matter of minutes ascompared with the much' longer periods of time required by the methodsdescribed above. No steaming or humidifying apparatus is required inpracticing the new process. The process may be performed as a batchoperation, but it is particularly adaptable to being performed incontinuous fashion. Y

The new process is of particular advantage in treating twistednonmetallic filamentary materials in the form of a wound package. Thewound package may be much larger than those generally used in thetwist-setting methods employed heretofore, and may, for example, contalnas much as ten to twenty or more pounds of yarn. The twist of the yarnwill be set in a remarkably uniform manner even when such relativelylarge yarn packages are used. The possibility of treating large packagesof lively twisted yarn by the process of this invention results inconsiderable economdes in' handling the twisted material. Thus, forexample, instead of handling ten spools or bobbins containing about onepound of yarn each, it is only necessary to handle one spool containingabout ten pounds of yarn.

' the package of lively twisted yarn in a sheet of relatively lowporosity nonmetallic material, e. g.. paper, and subject it todielectric high frequenc heating in this form.

The new apparatus by which the process of this inventfon may beadvantageously performed includes, in general, a pair of spacedelectrodes connected to a source of high frequency power and means forpassing the nonmetallic material into the electrical field between theelectrodes. More specifically, the apparatus also embraces an endlessconveyor adapted to pass the material to be treated between theelectrodes. The apparatus also may include means for holding packages oftwisted materials and conveying them between the electrodes in order tosubject them to the action of the high frequency electrical field.

The invention will be more fully described by reference to theaccompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows an apparatus for treatinga single package of twisted yarn;

Figure 2 shows an apparatus for passing packages of twisted yarncontinuously through a high frequency field between two horizontalelectrodes;

Figure 3 is a section through Figure 2 along the line 33 looking in thedirection of the arrows;

Figure 4 illustrates the manner in which a plurality of small packagesof twisted yarn may be subjected to a high frequenc field by using theapparatus of Figures 2 and 3;

Figure 5 shows an apparatus by which packages of twisted yarn may besubjected intermittently to the action of a high frequency field, thepackages being rotated in progressing from one pair of electrodes toanother; I

'Figure 6 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a section along lines |1 of Figure 5 looking in thedirection of the arrow;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view of the endless chain and associated partsused to advance the yarn packages through the apparatus illustrated byFigures 5 to '7 inclusive;

Figure 9 shows an apparatus in which rotatin yarn packages arecontinuously passed through a high frequency field formed between twovertical electrodes;

Figure 10 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 9; and

Figure 11 is a section along the line Iiii of Figure 9 looking in thedirection of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to Figure 1. a cone of lively twisted yarnl5 which has been wound The wound yarn packages which are to be .21secured to the base member 22 by suitable means. The upper electrode I8is secured to an insulator 24 which, in turn. is suitably mounted on thearm 26 of the frame member 21. The cone of. yarn I5 is removed from thehigh frequency field between the electrodes [5 and I! when theliveliness of the twisted yarn has been sufliciently reduced.

The apparatus illustrated by Figures 2 and 3 includes a table-likesupporting structure 30 having a top 3|. Belt-supporting cylinders 53are journaled in the brackets 35 which are suitably mounted on the top3!. An endless nonmetallic belt 31 is positioned around thebelt-supporting cylinders 33 and may be continuously rotated aroundthese cylinders by means of the gear and chain drive 39 connected withthe motor 40. Adjacent to-each of the belt-supporting cylinders 33, theendless belt passes over supporting plates or receiving and dischargeaprons 45 which are secured to the top Si by means of brackets 41. Nearthe center of the apparatus, the endless belt 31 is supported byhorizontally disposed electrode 48 which is mounted by means ofinsulators 49 and the .U -shaped base member 50 on the top 3|. An upperhorizontally disposed electrode 52 is secured to arm 54 (Figure 3) bymeans of insulators 55, the arm 54 being secured at 58 to the basemember 50. The electrodes 48 and 52 are connected to a source of highfrequency power indicated diagrammatically at 51'.

In using the apparatus of Figures 2 and 3, packages of twisted yarn 58are placed by the operator on the moving belt 31 and are then conductedthrough the high frequency field between the electrodes 58 and 52. Thetreated yarn package, after emerging from between the electrodes, isthereafter removed by-the operator. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, aplurality of yarn packages may be simultaneously passed through the highfrequency field. If desired, the yarn package may be wrapped in arelatively low porosity nonmetallic material before being subjected tothe high frequency field. Such a wrapped yarn pack age is illustrated,for example, by package 58A of Figure 3.

If a plurality of relatively small packages of twisted yarn is to betreated, it is advantageous to place these yarn packages in a containermade of a nonmetallic material as illustrated, for example, in Figure 4.The entire container 59 with the yarn packages 60 enclosed therein isthen placed on an apparatus such as is illustrated by Figures 2 and 3,and subjected to the action of the high frequency field.

It is sometimes desirable to subject the yarn packages intermittently tothe action of a high frequency field. When this is the case, anapparatus such as that illustrated by Figures 5 to 8, inclusive, may beused with advantage. The apparatus there shown includes a framestructure having vertical members 62, and horizontal members 53. Pairsof-sprockets 66 and 6! are journaled in the bearings 68 which aremounted on the vertical members 62 at-ea'ch end of the frame structure.The sprockets 5G and G1 are-provided with notched members 10 which areadapted to engage and support the rollers 12 of an endless chain 13which travels around the sprockets 8i and 51. The chain itself iscomposed of a plurality of base plates I5 which are Joined together bylinks I0.

The chain rollers I2 are supported by means of U-sha-ped channel members90 which are mounted on the base 04, the base in turn being secured tothe horizontal members 83 by means of suitable insulators 9 I Each chainbase plate 75 is provided with a journaled spindle II which is adaptedto receive a package of twisted yarn. The spindle shaft I (see Figure 7)passes through the bearing member 80 and is secured to the segment gear02 underneath the base plate. When the endless chain I3 is moved by thesprockets 88 and 61, the spindles 'I'I mounted on the base plates I5,are caused to rotate by the engagement of toothed portions of thesegment gears 02 with the racks 05. To insure proper engagement of theracks and the gears, projecting lugs 06 are made to engage pins 80mounted just ahead of each rack. This arrangement will cause the lugs80, upon striking the pins 80, to commence rotation of the segment gears02.

The endless chain I3 is actuated by means of the pawl 92 and ratchet 93which is in driving engagement with the sprocket 61. The pawl isactuated by means of bell crank 95 and the connecting rod 95 which ismounted on the crank arm 90. The latter is driven from a suitable sourceof power (not shown) which rotates the chain and sprocket drive 91.

The electrodes between which the high frequency fields are generated areeach made up of three curved portions I03A, I033, and I03C and I04A, mm,and IMO, all of which are joined together by means of the bus bars 39and I00. The bus bars are suitably mounted on insulators IOI and areconnected through conductors I09 to a suitable source of high frequencypower illustrated diagrammatically by II 0. A circuit breaker III whichis actuated by means of the cam I I3 and cam follower I I interrupts theflow of high frequency current at desired intervals.

In using the apparatus illustrated by Figures 5 to 8, inclusive, theoperator places a package of lively twisted yarn I I5 on the spindle II.The movement of the pawl 92 and ratchet 93 causes the endless chain I3and the yarn package II5 mounted on the spindle supported by the chainto advance in an intermittent fashion. The amount of the advance at eachstep is sumcient to cause the package to pass from between electrodesI03A and IMA to between electrodes I03B and I053 and, finally, tobetween electrodes I03C and I056. When the yarn package is positionedbetween a pair of electrodes, it is subjected to the action of the highfrequency field which is maintained between them. When the yarn passesfrom position A to position B, the cam H3 and follower III serve to openthe circuit breaker II I and thereby cut off the high frequency field.Additionally, in passing from position A to position B, the yarn packageis caused to rotate because of the engagement of the segment gear 82with the rack 85. In the apparatus shown, the yarn package is caused torotate approximately 120 in passing from position A to B and another 120in passing from B to C. This rotation is accomplished as the yarnpackage moves from one position to the next so that the yarn isstationary when it is subjected to the action of the high frequencyfield. The cam H3 is so designed that when the yarn package hascompleted its movement from position A to B or from B to C, the circuitbreaker will be closed so that the high frequency field will then againbe maintained between the electrodes. After a sufficient lapse of time,the circuit breaker will again be opened by the cam and cam follower andthe yarn package will then be advanced to the next position and, at thesame time, rotated approximately 120. Of course, it will be understoodthat segment gear 02 and rack can be constructed to give any desireddegree of rotation between steps.

Figures 9 to 11, inclusive, show an apparatus in which rotating yarnpackages are continuously passed through a high frequencyfield betweentwo flat vertical electrodes. The apparatus includes a frame structurecomprising vertical members I20 and horizontal members I2 I. Apair ofsprockets I22 and I23 are'mounted on shafts joumaled in bearings I25suitably mounted on the vertical members I20. The pair of sprockets I23are driven by a suitable power source such as the motor and. geartransmission unit I2'I which engages the chain drive I28. Each of thesprockets I22 and I23 are provided with projecting portions I30 having anotch therein which is adapted to engage the rollers I32 of an endlesschain I33. The chain itself is composed of a series of base plates I35which are joined to one another by means of the links I30. Each baseplate I35 is provided with a pedestal I3? through which passes a spindleI90. The upper portion of the chain between the sprockets I22 and I23 issupported by means of the chain rollers I32 in the U-shaped channelmember I02 which is suitably secured to the horizontal members I2I. Thespindle I40 is suitably secured at its lower end to a spur gear I09which engages a rack I55 running longitudinally of the apparatus. Theelectrodes I50 and I5! are mounted by means of insulators I52 on thevertical supports I53, the vertical supports being in turn secured tothe horizontal members IZI.

To shield the upper portion of the endless chain base plate I35 from thehigh frequency field between the electrodes I50 and I5I, it is desirablethat the upper portion of the base plate I35, and particularly thepedestal I3I, be made of an insulating material. The electrodes I50 andI5I are connectedby means of conductors I60 and I6! to the source ofhigh frequency power indicated diagrammatically at I62. Conductor I6Ipasses under the apparatus and may be suitably shielded from theapparatus by enclosing it in an insulating housing I03.

In using the apparatus illustrated by Figures 9 to 11, inclusive, theoperator places a bobbin of lively twisted yarn, or other nonmetallicfilamentary material, on the spindle I40 of the apparatus. As thespindle is advanced through the apparatus by means of the forward motionof the endless chain I33, the spur gear I45 which is secured to thespindle is caused to rotate by engagement with the rack I55. The packagemounted on the spindle will thus be caused to rotate continuously as itpasses through the high frequency field between the electrodes I50 andI5I.

The invention will be more fully described by reference to the followingexamples although it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited thereto.

Example 1 Cones of substantially air dry viscose rayon tire cordcontaining approximately 9 to 10% moisture are subjected to dielectricheating in an apparatus such as that illustrated by Figures 2 and 3. Thetire cord is made by plying together with twelve turns of S-twist, twostrands of 1100 denier, 480 filament viscose rayon which have each beengiven 14.5 turns of Z-twist. Prior to twisting, the tire cord wastreated with an aqueous finishing emulsion containing sorbitan monopalmitate so that the cord contains approximately .4%, by weight, ofsorbitan monopalmitate. The cord is wound on a paper core to form apackage containing about 4.15 pounds of rayon tire cord. This package,which is about 5.75 inches high and about 6.3 inches wide at its base,is wrapped in paper and then placed together with other similar packageson the moving belt 31, three packages being placed across the belt. Thebelt is made of cotton canvas.

The electrodes between which the wrapped tire cord packages are passedare about 28 inches wide and about 56 inches long. They are spaced aparta distance of about 7 inches so that the cones of tire cord will passreadily between them. A current of approximately two amperes and havinga frequency of about 3.85 megacycles is passed between the electrodesthereby creating a high frequency electrical field between them. Theendless belt moves forward at a rate of approximately 6.5 inches perminute so that the cones of tire cord are subjected to the action of thehigh frequency electrical field for approxim tely eight minutes. Theywill be heated to a temperature of about 135 to 150 F. The tire cord,after being subjected to this treatment, has its livelinesssubstantially reduced so that the twist will be substantially completelyset.

Example 2 Rayon tire cord of the same type as that referred to inExample 1 is wound on a pape core to produce a cone containing about18.5 pounds of tire cord. This cone is then wrapped in paper and passedthrough an apparatus such as that referred to in Example 1. Toaccommodate the cone, which is about 11% inches high and about 10%inches wide at its base, the electrodes are spaced about 12 inchesapart. The cone packages are placed across the belt two abreast. Thecurrent and its frequency are the same as in Example 1, but the beltspeed is reduced to about 3.75 inches per minute so that the large conesof tire cord are subjected to the action of the high frequencyelectrical field for approximately fifteen minutes. The tire cord, afterbeing sub jected to this treatment, has its liveliness substantiallyreduced so that the twist of a cord is substantially completely set.

Example 3 A four and one-half pound cone of rayon tire cord such as isdescribed in Example 1 is placed on one of the spindles 11 of anapparatu such as is illustrated by Figures 5 to 8, inclusive. Each ofthe curved electrodes are approximately 8 /2 inches wide and about 7%inches high and their curvature conforms generally to that of the rayoncone. The electrodes are approximately 6% inches apart at the top wherethey are nearest the sides of the cone. The electrodes are inclined sothat they are roughly parallel to the sides of the cone.

A current having a frequency of about 7% megacycles per second with apower input of about one kilowatt is passed between the electrodesresulting in the creation of a high frequency field between them. Thecones of yarn are passed between these electrodes at a rate such thatthe period of time for which the cord is subjected to the action of thehigh frequency field between each pair of electrodes is approximatelyone and one-half minutes, making a total of about four and one-halfminutes of treatment of the cord by the high frequency field. The twistof the cord will be substantially completely set.

Example 4 Approximately 4.15 pounds of rayon tire cord of the typereferred to in Example 1 are collected on a twist spool having a papercore impregnated with Bakelite and heads made of fiber-reinforcedBakelite. The spool filled with tire cord is approximately six inches indiameter.

A spool of this tire cord is placed on one of the spindles [40 of anapparatus such as is illustrated by Figures 9 to 11, inclusive. Acurrent of about two amperes having a frequency of about 3.85 megacyclesis applied between the electrodes which are advantageously about 56inches long and approximately 10 inches high. The electrodes are spacedapart a distance of about 7% inches. The endless chain on which thespools are mounted travels at the rate of about 14.7 inches per minuteso that the tire cord on the spools is subjected to the action of thehigh frequency field for a little less than four minutes. The spool isadvantageously rotated at least one complete revolution during itspassage between the electrodes.

The tire cord, after being subjected to the foregoing treatment, has itsliveliness substantially reduced so that the cord may be readily used inthe weaving of tire cord fabric. The twist, however, is not completelyset.

Example 5 Cones of substantially air dry nylon cord containing about 2to 3% moisture and made by imparting 10.7 turns of Z-twist to 2 strandsof 272 filament 840 denier thread having 14.6 turns of S-twist areheated to a temperature of about to F. in a high frequency field. Theliveliness of the cord will be substantially reduced by this treatment.

Example 6 A 2200 denier single-p y substantially air dry viscose rayontire cord which has been subjected to a twist of 7 turns per inch iswound on a cone and heated in a high frequency field to a temperature ofabout 150 F. The livelines of the cord will be substantially reduced.

Example 7 Spools of 3-thread 13/15 denier substantially air dry raw silkwhich has been given 35 turns per inch of Z-twist are wrapped in oilpaper and subjected to the action of a high frequency electrical field.The silk is heated to a temperature of about -195 F. As a result of thistreatment, the twist in the yarn is substantially completely set.

Example 9 Spools of 1/44 s. substantially air dry wool process is notlimited to these specific materials,

In general, the process may be used to reduce the liveliness of anytwisted nonmetallic filamenta y materials. These include such organicmaterials as those of a cellulosic nature, or those of thenitrogen-containing type, or hydrocarbon polymers and'their substitutionproducts, or various others.

Among the cellulosic filamentary materials may be mentioned naturalcellulosic yarns or threads made of cotton, flax, hemp, ramie, paper,and such artificial yarns or threads asthose made of regeneratedcellulose produced by the viscose or cuprammonium processes, as well ascellulose ethers and esters including an ester such as celluloseacetate.

The nitrogen-containing filamentary materials may include such naturalyarns or threads as those produced from silk or wool; or artificialyarns or threads made from polymerized polyamides such as nylon, orprotein-type yarns or fibers made, for example, from casein, soybean,peanuts, keratin, zein, alginic acid, etc.

Filamentary materials derived from hydrocarbon polymers and theirsubstitution products may include polymers such as those derived fromunsaturated hydrocarbons; for example, those formed by polymerizing analkylene hydrocarbon such as ethylene, or by polymerizing substituted orunsubstituted hydrocarbons containing vinyl, or vinylidene linkages suchas, for example, the vinyl chloride andvinyl acetate polymers andcopolymers, e. g., Vinyon, or vinylidene chloride polymers or copolymersof vinylidene chloride with vinyl chloride, e. g., Saran, or polystyrenederivatives, etc.

Inorganic nonmetallic filamentary materials such as those of a siliciousnature including, for example, glass, asbestos, rock wool, etc., mayalso be treated in accordance with the process of this invention.

The most desirable operating conditions to be used in reducing theliveliness of lively twisted nonmetallic filamentary materials bydielectric heating will, of course, vary considerably depending upon theparticular results which are desired. Thus, for example, to completelyset the twist of across the electrodes, 1 is the frequency with whichthe current supplied to the electrodes alternates, C is the capacitanceof the condenser formed bythe nonmetallic material being heated, and P.F. is the power factor of the material. It is evident that for a givenmaterial, the capacitance C (which is dependent upon the dielectricconstant of the material) and the power factor P. F. will besubstantially constant within a limited temperature range. It is alsoevident that the energy dissipated in the form of heat in the materialmay be controlled by varying either the frequency of the currentsupplied to the electrodes or the voltage across the electrodes. Thefrequencies selected may be as low as one megacycle per second or lower,and may range up to ten or fifteen megacycles per second, althoughfrequencies as high as thirty megacycles or more a lively material willrequire a longer period of treatment, other things being equal, thanmerely partially reducing the liveliness of the twisted material. Forsome operations, it may not be necessary to completely set the twist ofthe filamentary material.

In general, the conditions of treatment will also vary depending uponthe nature of the material being treated. Sometimes, too, the nature ofthe in which W is the energy dissipated in watts as heat in thenonmetallic material, E is the voltage per second may also be used ifdesired. In general, the higher-the frequency selected, the lower willbe the voltage required. Usually, it is desirable to keep the voltagelow to prevent corona discharge or other objectionable electricaleffects.

If the power dissipated in the material is calculated and the specificheat of the material is known, it will be possible to calculate how muchof a temperature rise will be produced by subjecting the material to ahigh frequency field under specified conditions. It is evident, ofcourse, that the amount of heat generated should not be permitted tobecome so great as to adversely affect the filamentary material itself.Scorching of the material is manifestly undesire able. Similarly, withthermoplastic materials, the temperature should not be permitted tobecome so great that the physical properties of the filamentary materialare adversely affected. In general, however, the twist is set moreeffectively at higher temperatures than at lower ones.

Other things being equal, the amount of treatment required by a materialhaving a high degree of liveliness, usually a material having a highdegree of twist, will be greater than with a material having arelatively minor amount of liveliness, usually a material with a lowdegree of twist.

The relatively low porosity nonconducting sheet material which may beused in wrapping the packages of filamentary material prior tosubjecting them to the action of a high frequency electrical field maybe merely the ordinary wrapping paper in which the material is wrappedfor shipment. as Cellophane, glassine, paper, including waterresistantpaper such as wax paper, rubber hydrochloride products such as Pliofilm,Koroseal," etc.

As-previously indicated, when wound sup orted packages of filamentarymaterial are subjected to the action of the high frequency electricalfield, the supporting core of the package should advantageously be madeof a nonmetalllc material such as, for example, paper, wood, fiber, orvarious synthetic resins or plastics such as the phenol-aldehyde,glyptal, polystyrene, polyvinyl, etc., resins or plastics. There is,however, no objection tohaving some metal present in the supporting coreprovided, .of course, it is suitably shielded or insulated so as not toadversely affect the action of th high frequency field on thefilamentary material wound on the core.

We claim:

1, The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural, organic, filamentary material which comprisesIt may include such nonmetallic materials 11' subjecting a wound packageof said material to the action of a high frequency electrical field.

2. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural, cellulosic, filamentary material whichcomprises subjecting a wound package of said material to the action of ahigh frequency electrical field.

3. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural, nitrogen-containing, filamentary materialwhich comprises subjecting a wound package of said material to theaction of a high frequency electrlcal field.

4. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, cotton, filamentary material which comprises subjectinga wound package 01' said material to the action of a high frequencyelectrical field.

5. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, silk, filamentary material which comprises subjecting awound package of said material to the action of a high frequencyelectrical field.

6. The method of reducing the liveliness of a. substantially air'drylively, twisted, wool, filamentary material which comprises subjecting awound package of said material to the action of a high frequencyelectrical field.

7. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural organic, filamentary textile material whichcomprises subjecting a wound package of said material to the action of ahigh frequency electrical field.

8. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, cotton, filamentary textile material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

9. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, silk, filamentary textile material which comprisessubiecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

10. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, wool, filamentary textile material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

11. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural, organic, filamentary material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material formed on a nonmetallic coreto the action of a high frequency electrical field.

12. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural, organic, filamentary textile material whichcomprises enclosing a plurality of wound packages of said material in arelatively low porosity nonmetallic sheet-like material and thereaftersubjecting the material in this form to the action 01' a high frequencyelectrical field.

13. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural,

organic, filamentary material which comprises enclosing a wound packageof said material in a' relatively low porosity nonmetallic sheet-likematerial and thereafter subjecting the filamentary material in this formto the action of a high frequency electrical field.

14. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively, twisted, natural, organic, filamentary textile material whichcomprises enclosing a wound package of said material which has beenformed on a nonmetaliic core in a relatively low porosity nonmctallicsheet-like material and thereafter subjecting the material in this formto the action of a high frequency electrical field.

HAYDEN B. KLINE.

ALDEN H. BURKHOLDER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,325,652 Bierwirth Aug. 3, 19432,263,681 Hart Jr Nov. 25,-1941 2,295,593 Miles Sept. 15, 1942 1,815,027Murch July 14, 1931 OTHER REFERENCES Textile World, August 1944, pages96, 9'7, 166. Thermex High Frequency Heating, 1942, pages 9-11 (TheGirdler Corp).

Certificate of Correction Patent N 0. 2,421,335.

May 27, 1947.

HAYDEN B. KLINE ET AL. It is hereby certified that error appears in theprinted specification of the above numbered patent requiring correctionas follows:

Column 3,v line2l, for the word warp read wrap and that the said LettersPatent should be read with this correction therein that the same mayconform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 12th day of August, A. D. 1947.

LESLIE FRAZER,

First Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

